The "doctor" Zawahiri, an Egyptian graduate of surgery, is considered the ideologue of al-Qaida and the mastermind of the attacks of September 11, 2001. It has long been the principal lieutenant and doctor to Usama Bin Laden. After the latter's death, killed in a U.S. raid, Monday, May 2, in the town of Abbottabad, Pakistan, Zawahiri appears as one of potential successors at the head of the Islamist.
"It went very fast on the list," he said Tuesday in that the CIA director, Leon Panetta. "How much experience and wisdom are they valuable to our young people and to history!", Wrote about him Abu Qatada, one of the greatest figures of radical Salafism London. From its early involvement in the fight Islamist Jihad in Egypt for jihad in Afghanistan and the Afghan jihad in the total struggle against America, the course of Zawahiri is the best example, according to experts, the history of contemporary radical Sunni Islamism.
Born in 1951 in the affluent suburb of Cairo, Ayman Zawahiri comes from the literate upper class Egyptian. Pious and sensitive child, studious and gifted student, he admired the thought of Sayyed Qotob Islamist who advocated armed struggle to overthrow the Egyptian "apostate" and establish a state governed by the laws of Islam.
The teenager was hit by the stories of life Qotob and particularly by the hardships endured in Egyptian prisons. In 1966, he witnessed with horror to his execution by hanging. This event persuaded him to go into hiding to join the fight Islamist army. In 1979, he joined the Islamic Jihad, where he specializes in the recruitment of soldiers of the Egyptian army.
In the late 1980s, allied with the Islamic Jihad Gamaa Islamiyya, jihadist group rival, to eliminate President Anwar al-Sadat, who just signed with Israel a peace treaty. His assassination, 6 October 1981, followed by a wave of arrests. Ayman Zawahiri was imprisoned before being exonerated and freed in 1984.
The experience of imprisonment, torture and humiliation he undergoes, ultimately to convince him of the legitimacy of their struggle. "They sent us electric shocks! And they used wild dogs! (...) So where is democracy? Where is freedom? Where are human rights? Where is justice? We forget Never! We will never forget! " he yelled in English to foreign journalists came to attend the trial resulting from the assassination of Sadat.
One-step "traumatic" but "founder," said Stephane Lacroix chapter of Al-Qaeda in the text devoted to Zawahiri. "It was in prison, said the researcher, it is upheld as the leader of the radical Islamist movement in Egypt." The doctor also runs in the writing of many books including the first, The Black Book: The torture of Muslims under President Hosni Mubarak said his own experience.
Finally free, but closely monitored by service in Egypt, he left his country for Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan. He met the young Ben Laden, since he never left. Bin Laden wants to attack the power of Saud: Zawahiri convinced him to establish a jihad against all "apostate regimes of the Muslim world." The foundations of Al-Qaida are asked.
Provided Zawahiri did not abandon his obsession to destroy the Egyptian regime. Sudan, where he followed bin Laden in exile, he has a rear base to reorganize the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. To raise funds, he toured Europe, Asia and even the United States under cover of the Kuwaiti Red Crescent, before launching, in 1993, new attacks against the regime in Cairo.
The assassination attempts made against the interior minister, Hassan Al-Alfi, then against the Prime Minister, Atef Sedqa, ended in failure that causes weakening and splitting the movement. In 1995, he managed to unify the ranks to hit the head of the plan: assassinate President Hosni Mubarak during his visit to Addis Ababa in 1995.
The operation fails again. Sudan, pointed to by Egypt and the United States, sees more positive about the presence of the organization of bin Laden on its territory. While the latter returned to Afghanistan, Zawahiri takes his race around the world in hopes of forming cells converted to his cause.
Most of these attempts fail miserably. He has then no choice but to join bin Laden and the Afghan caves, the last sanctuary of jihad. This succession of failures will not detract from its resolutions. Instead, it seems that she can sharpen his vision of jihad which he will therefore work to strengthen ideology.
The creation in 1998 of the "World Islamic Front for Holy War against Jews and Crusaders" and the fatwa establishing the murder of Americans and their allies as a personal duty of Muslims appear as the culmination of his thought. Parallel to this war launched against America, he developed as a means of achieving this, the idea of suicide operations that will become the hallmark of Al Qaeda.
Since Sept. 11, the "doctor" until then remained in the shadows, emerged as a charismatic figure in Al Qaeda, multiplying media appearances. Violent methods that he has ceased to legitimize, including martyrdom operations against civilians, however, were challenged in 2008 by prominent figures of the Egyptian Jihad, from his generation.
These debates continue to stir the intellectual sphere of radical Islamism without being stopped than the perpetuation of these methods and the flow of young jihadists willing to die for Al Qaeda. Article published in Le Monde on September 9, 2009 and updated May 4, 2011. Cécile Hennion Article published in the edition of 05.05.11 
"It went very fast on the list," he said Tuesday in that the CIA director, Leon Panetta. "How much experience and wisdom are they valuable to our young people and to history!", Wrote about him Abu Qatada, one of the greatest figures of radical Salafism London. From its early involvement in the fight Islamist Jihad in Egypt for jihad in Afghanistan and the Afghan jihad in the total struggle against America, the course of Zawahiri is the best example, according to experts, the history of contemporary radical Sunni Islamism.
Born in 1951 in the affluent suburb of Cairo, Ayman Zawahiri comes from the literate upper class Egyptian. Pious and sensitive child, studious and gifted student, he admired the thought of Sayyed Qotob Islamist who advocated armed struggle to overthrow the Egyptian "apostate" and establish a state governed by the laws of Islam.
The teenager was hit by the stories of life Qotob and particularly by the hardships endured in Egyptian prisons. In 1966, he witnessed with horror to his execution by hanging. This event persuaded him to go into hiding to join the fight Islamist army. In 1979, he joined the Islamic Jihad, where he specializes in the recruitment of soldiers of the Egyptian army.
In the late 1980s, allied with the Islamic Jihad Gamaa Islamiyya, jihadist group rival, to eliminate President Anwar al-Sadat, who just signed with Israel a peace treaty. His assassination, 6 October 1981, followed by a wave of arrests. Ayman Zawahiri was imprisoned before being exonerated and freed in 1984.
The experience of imprisonment, torture and humiliation he undergoes, ultimately to convince him of the legitimacy of their struggle. "They sent us electric shocks! And they used wild dogs! (...) So where is democracy? Where is freedom? Where are human rights? Where is justice? We forget Never! We will never forget! " he yelled in English to foreign journalists came to attend the trial resulting from the assassination of Sadat.
One-step "traumatic" but "founder," said Stephane Lacroix chapter of Al-Qaeda in the text devoted to Zawahiri. "It was in prison, said the researcher, it is upheld as the leader of the radical Islamist movement in Egypt." The doctor also runs in the writing of many books including the first, The Black Book: The torture of Muslims under President Hosni Mubarak said his own experience.
Finally free, but closely monitored by service in Egypt, he left his country for Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan. He met the young Ben Laden, since he never left. Bin Laden wants to attack the power of Saud: Zawahiri convinced him to establish a jihad against all "apostate regimes of the Muslim world." The foundations of Al-Qaida are asked.
Provided Zawahiri did not abandon his obsession to destroy the Egyptian regime. Sudan, where he followed bin Laden in exile, he has a rear base to reorganize the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. To raise funds, he toured Europe, Asia and even the United States under cover of the Kuwaiti Red Crescent, before launching, in 1993, new attacks against the regime in Cairo.
The assassination attempts made against the interior minister, Hassan Al-Alfi, then against the Prime Minister, Atef Sedqa, ended in failure that causes weakening and splitting the movement. In 1995, he managed to unify the ranks to hit the head of the plan: assassinate President Hosni Mubarak during his visit to Addis Ababa in 1995.
The operation fails again. Sudan, pointed to by Egypt and the United States, sees more positive about the presence of the organization of bin Laden on its territory. While the latter returned to Afghanistan, Zawahiri takes his race around the world in hopes of forming cells converted to his cause.
Most of these attempts fail miserably. He has then no choice but to join bin Laden and the Afghan caves, the last sanctuary of jihad. This succession of failures will not detract from its resolutions. Instead, it seems that she can sharpen his vision of jihad which he will therefore work to strengthen ideology.
The creation in 1998 of the "World Islamic Front for Holy War against Jews and Crusaders" and the fatwa establishing the murder of Americans and their allies as a personal duty of Muslims appear as the culmination of his thought. Parallel to this war launched against America, he developed as a means of achieving this, the idea of suicide operations that will become the hallmark of Al Qaeda.
Since Sept. 11, the "doctor" until then remained in the shadows, emerged as a charismatic figure in Al Qaeda, multiplying media appearances. Violent methods that he has ceased to legitimize, including martyrdom operations against civilians, however, were challenged in 2008 by prominent figures of the Egyptian Jihad, from his generation.
These debates continue to stir the intellectual sphere of radical Islamism without being stopped than the perpetuation of these methods and the flow of young jihadists willing to die for Al Qaeda. Article published in Le Monde on September 9, 2009 and updated May 4, 2011. Cécile Hennion Article published in the edition of 05.05.11
- What's Al-Qaida's Next Strategy? (05/05/2011)
- "Zawahiri betrayed Osama bin Laden: Saudi paper" and related posts (05/05/2011)
- "Can Al-Qaida's No. 2 Fill Bin Laden's Shoes?" and related posts (03/05/2011)
- Is al-Qaida still relevant in a post-bin Laden world? (03/05/2011)
- Clinton on terror: 'It does not end with one death' - msnbc.com (05/05/2011)
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