China's population is growing older and older and urban. The most populous country in the world today made public the data from the census conducted late last year, which shows the profound changes experienced as a result of the one-child policy and economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978.
The Chinese with more than 60 years account for 13.26% of the total, 2.93 percentage points more than the previous count, conducted in 2000, while those who are 14 years or less accounted for 16.6%, 6, 29 points less. The total population of 1,339 million souls, which means an increase of 73.9 million in a decade.
The census also reflects the intense process of internal migration the country has experienced. 49.7% of Chinese (665 million, of which 261 million are migrants, most arrivals from the field) now lives in cities, where in 2000 was about 36%. "In the past 10 years, the population of all 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions has grown, and all face a problem of rapid aging," he assured Ma Jiantang, a senior official of the National Bureau of Statistics.
Ma said that the trend is more pronounced in coastal areas and more developed, in which the population is older and poor soil. The census shows that the total number of inhabitants increased at a slower pace last decade by 5.8% compared to 11.7% in the period 1991-2000 -, reflecting the effects of urbanization and one-child policy, implemented late 1970, which generally limited the number of children to one in the cities and two rural areas.
The strict birth control policy has placed the annual population growth below 1% and the estimated rate will be negative in the coming decades. According to the census, 118.06 boys per 100 girls born between 2001 and 2010, due to traditional family preference for sons. Males represented just over 51% of people in China.
The number of migrants who have left the countryside to seek work in urban industrial areas, especially coastal, double the previous census. About 220 million had worked for more than six months away from their birthplaces in 2010, a first statistical account of migrants in their places of royal residence.
The rigid system of residence registration in force, known as hukou, which links citizens to their place of birth, makes it difficult for migrants to settle in new places and have children, because the lack of urban hukou difficult access to other services such as education and health on equal terms.
The change in population structure will have a major impact on the labor market of the world's second largest economy in the future due to the decrease in the number of potential workers, especially in the field. According to many demographers, the one-child policy, partly responsible for the aging population threatens economic development, due to the gradual decrease in the percentage of people working to support a growing elderly population.
China, which added 40 million people 60 years or older in the last decade, faces the challenge of being an old country rather than rich. In recent years, have increased speculation in the media and among experts about the possibility that Beijing will relax the familiar control system, which, he says, he has prevented 400 million births and better standards of life its citizens with better speed, but has had serious consequences, including forced abortions and sterilizations by those responsible for family planning services, sex-selective abortions of girls in families wishing to have a boy, and the acceleration of population aging .
But Chinese leaders have ensured that the system will remain in force, and it has recalled this week President Hu Jintao, who, however, has stressed the need to improve health networks and social security for older people. Two thirds of the workers have no pension in rural areas. 
The Chinese with more than 60 years account for 13.26% of the total, 2.93 percentage points more than the previous count, conducted in 2000, while those who are 14 years or less accounted for 16.6%, 6, 29 points less. The total population of 1,339 million souls, which means an increase of 73.9 million in a decade.
The census also reflects the intense process of internal migration the country has experienced. 49.7% of Chinese (665 million, of which 261 million are migrants, most arrivals from the field) now lives in cities, where in 2000 was about 36%. "In the past 10 years, the population of all 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions has grown, and all face a problem of rapid aging," he assured Ma Jiantang, a senior official of the National Bureau of Statistics.
Ma said that the trend is more pronounced in coastal areas and more developed, in which the population is older and poor soil. The census shows that the total number of inhabitants increased at a slower pace last decade by 5.8% compared to 11.7% in the period 1991-2000 -, reflecting the effects of urbanization and one-child policy, implemented late 1970, which generally limited the number of children to one in the cities and two rural areas.
The strict birth control policy has placed the annual population growth below 1% and the estimated rate will be negative in the coming decades. According to the census, 118.06 boys per 100 girls born between 2001 and 2010, due to traditional family preference for sons. Males represented just over 51% of people in China.
The number of migrants who have left the countryside to seek work in urban industrial areas, especially coastal, double the previous census. About 220 million had worked for more than six months away from their birthplaces in 2010, a first statistical account of migrants in their places of royal residence.
The rigid system of residence registration in force, known as hukou, which links citizens to their place of birth, makes it difficult for migrants to settle in new places and have children, because the lack of urban hukou difficult access to other services such as education and health on equal terms.
The change in population structure will have a major impact on the labor market of the world's second largest economy in the future due to the decrease in the number of potential workers, especially in the field. According to many demographers, the one-child policy, partly responsible for the aging population threatens economic development, due to the gradual decrease in the percentage of people working to support a growing elderly population.
China, which added 40 million people 60 years or older in the last decade, faces the challenge of being an old country rather than rich. In recent years, have increased speculation in the media and among experts about the possibility that Beijing will relax the familiar control system, which, he says, he has prevented 400 million births and better standards of life its citizens with better speed, but has had serious consequences, including forced abortions and sterilizations by those responsible for family planning services, sex-selective abortions of girls in families wishing to have a boy, and the acceleration of population aging .
But Chinese leaders have ensured that the system will remain in force, and it has recalled this week President Hu Jintao, who, however, has stressed the need to improve health networks and social security for older people. Two thirds of the workers have no pension in rural areas.
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